![[Interface]](interface.gif)
With this interface, when you want to send a mail, you must fill in complete addresses for both the sender and the recipient, i.e., user@someschool.edu, not just simply user. You can send mail to only one recipient. Furthermore, the domain part of the recipient's address must be the name of the SMTP server handling incoming mail at the recipient's site. For example, if you are sending mail to address user@someschool.edu and the SMTP server of someschool.edu is smtp.somechool.edu, you will have to use the address user@smtp.someschool.edu in the To-field. This is because Java doesn't support DNS lookups except for simple name-to-address queries. See Querying the DNS below for more information on how to obtain the address of the SMTP-server.
When you have finished composing your mail, press Send to send it.
| MailClient | The user interface |
| Message | Mail message |
| Envelope | SMTP envelope around the Message |
| SMTPConnection | Connection to the SMTP server |
You will need to complete the code in the SMTPConnection class so that in the end you will have a program that is capable of sending mail to any recipient. The code for the SMTPConnection class is at the end of this page. The code for the other three classes is provided in ...
The places where you need to complete the code have been marked with the comments /* Fill in */. Each of the places requires one or more lines of code.
The MailClient class provides the user interface and calls the other classes as needed. When you press Send, the MailClient class constructs a Message class object to hold the mail message. The Message object holds the actual message headers and body. Then the MailClient object builds the SMTP envelope using the Envelope class. This class holds the SMTP sender and recipient information, the SMTP server of the recipient's domain, and the Message object. Then the MailClient object creates the SMTPConnection object which opens a connection to the SMTP server and the MailClient object sends the message over the connection. The sending of the mail happens in three phases:
| Command | Reply Code |
|---|---|
| DATA | 354 |
| HELO | 250 |
| MAIL FROM | 250 |
| QUIT | 221 |
| RCPT TO | 250 |
The above table also lists the accepted reply codes for each of the SMTP commands you need to implement. For simplicity, you can assume that any other reply from the server indicates a fatal error and abort the sending of the message. In reality, SMTP distinguishes between transient (reply codes 4xx) and permanent (reply codes 5xx) errors, and the sender is allowed to repeat commands that yielded in a transient error. See Appendix E of RFC 821 for more details.
In addition, when you open a connection to the server, it will reply with the code 220.
Note: RFC 821 allows the code 251 as a response to a RCPT TO-command to indicate that the recipient is not a local user. You may want to verify manually with the telnet command what your local SMTP server replies.
To make it easier to debug your program, do not, at first, include the code that opens the socket, but use the following definitions for fromServer and toServer. This way, your program sends the commands to the terminal. Acting as the SMTP server, you will need to give the correct reply codes. When your program works, add the code to open the socket to the server.
fromServer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); toServer = System.out;The lines for opening and closing the socket, i.e., the lines connection = ... in the constructor and the line connection.close() in function close(), have been commented out by default.
Start by completing the function parseReply(). You will need this function in many places. In the function parseReply(), you should use the StringTokenizer-class for parsing the reply strings. You can convert a string to an integer as follows:
int i = Integer.parseInt(argv[0]);In the function sendCommand(), you should use the function writeBytes() to write the commands to the server. The advantage of using writeBytes() instead of write() is that the former automatically converts the strings to bytes which is what the server expects. Do not forget to terminate each command with the string CRLF.
You can throw exceptions like this:
throw new Exception();You do not need to worry about details, since the exceptions in this lab are only used to signal an error, not to give detailed information about what went wrong.
The server you need to find is the server handling the mail for the domain to which you are sending mail, i.e., the MX-host of that domain. First, you must find the nameserver of the target domain and then query this nameserver for the MX-host. Assuming you were sending mail to the address user@someschool.edu you would do the following:
Under Unix you can query DNS manually with the nslookup-command. The syntax of the nslookup-command is as follows. Note that the argument host can also be a domain.
| Normal query | nslookup host |
| Normal query using a given server | nslookup host server |
| NS-query | nslookup -type=NS host |
| MX-query | nslookup -type=MX host |
For the first step, finding the nameserver of the top-level domain, you will need to send your query to one of the 13 DNS root nameservers. You can find more information about the DNS root servers in Section DNS - The Internet's Directory Service. The root servers are listed in the file root-servers.txt, available from Internic.
The reply to the MX-query may contain multiple mail exchangers. Each of them is preceded by a number which is the preference value for this server. Lower preference values indicate preferred servers so you should use the server with the lowest preference value.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
/**
* Open an SMTP connection to a remote machine and send one mail.
*
*/
public class SMTPConnection {
/* The socket to the server */
private Socket connection;
/* Streams for reading and writing the socket */
private BufferedReader fromServer;
private DataOutputStream toServer;
private static final int SMTP_PORT = 25;
private static final String CRLF = "\r\n";
/* Are we connected? Used in close() to determine what to do. */
private boolean isConnected = false;
/* Create an SMTPConnection object. Create the socket and the
associated streams. Initialize SMTP connection. */
public SMTPConnection(Envelope envelope) throws IOException {
// connection = /* Fill in */;
fromServer = /* Fill in */;
toServer = /* Fill in */;
/* Fill in */
/* Read a line from server and check that the reply code is 220.
If not, throw an IOException. */
/* Fill in */
/* SMTP handshake. We need the name of the local machine.
Send the appropriate SMTP handshake command. */
String localhost = /* Fill in */;
sendCommand( /* Fill in */ );
isConnected = true;
}
/* Send the message. Write the correct SMTP-commands in the
correct order. No checking for errors, just throw them to the
caller. */
public void send(Envelope envelope) throws IOException {
/* Fill in */
/* Send all the necessary commands to send a message. Call
sendCommand() to do the dirty work. Do _not_ catch the
exception thrown from sendCommand(). */
/* Fill in */
}
/* Close the connection. First, terminate on SMTP level, then
close the socket. */
public void close() {
isConnected = false;
try {
sendCommand( /* Fill in */ );
// connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Unable to close connection: " + e);
isConnected = true;
}
}
/* Send an SMTP command to the server. Check that the reply code is
what is is supposed to be according to RFC 821. */
private void sendCommand(String command, int rc) throws IOException {
/* Fill in */
/* Write command to server and read reply from server. */
/* Fill in */
/* Fill in */
/* Check that the server's reply code is the same as the parameter
rc. If not, throw an IOException. */
/* Fill in */
}
/* Parse the reply line from the server. Returns the reply code. */
private int parseReply(String reply) {
/* Fill in */
}
/* Destructor. Closes the connection if something bad happens. */
protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
if(isConnected) {
close();
}
super.finalize();
}
}